1) Online Forum 1 - Potter Box (Justification)
Source (http://www.dailychilli.com/news/21728-exorcism-family-escapes-jail-for-killing-toddler)
Empirical Definition (Situation)
Six family members suffocated a Malaysian toddler to death by piling on top of her for hours in a suspected exorcism ritual. Chua Wan Zuen, aged two, died after being pinned down under a blanket in August 2012 with eight people, including her parents, crushing her for several hours in an attempt to drive away evil spirits.
Values
The family members of the toddler believed that the 2 year old child is possessed therefore they perform a spiritual activity (exorcism) on the child by pinning her down under a blanket. They do not intend to kill her.
Principles
An unlawful killing of other human being with intent should have life imprisonment.
Loyalties
Fair decisions have to be made to be fair the victim, society, etc.
Conclusion
The judge chose to give the family members hefty fines that total RM65k instead of a jail term of 10 years.
Empirical Definition (Situation)
Six family members suffocated a Malaysian toddler to death by piling on top of her for hours in a suspected exorcism ritual. Chua Wan Zuen, aged two, died after being pinned down under a blanket in August 2012 with eight people, including her parents, crushing her for several hours in an attempt to drive away evil spirits.
Values
The family members of the toddler believed that the 2 year old child is possessed therefore they perform a spiritual activity (exorcism) on the child by pinning her down under a blanket. They do not intend to kill her.
Principles
An unlawful killing of other human being with intent should have life imprisonment.
Loyalties
Fair decisions have to be made to be fair the victim, society, etc.
Conclusion
The judge chose to give the family members hefty fines that total RM65k instead of a jail term of 10 years.
2) Online Forum 2 - Definition of Act and Rule Utilitarianism
Act Utilitarianism
Act utilitarianism believes that the right action makes more people happy. Concerns only the present actions and present happiness for what is pleasurable is good and painful is bad.
For example one believes that by doing charity work tomorrow instead of watching television all day can bring happiness to many people. Therefore the right action is to do charity work tomorrow.
Rule Utilitarianism
Rule utilitarianism on the other hand believes that an action can be morally right if it conforms to the rules that lead to happiness. Rule utilitarianism distinguish between the type of act and the context in which it occurs, but also it distinguishes between the types of pleasures, high and low, and their relation to happiness
For example, a friend comes to your door and asks to be hidden so he is not killed. You then hide him in the basement. Then, there’s a knock at the door and it is the person who is looking for your friend. They ask if your friend is hiding here. Based on the rule utilitarianism you choose to tell the truth even though it leads to bad consequences. Thinking long term lying is always wrong to do and leads to negative consequences.
Act utilitarianism believes that the right action makes more people happy. Concerns only the present actions and present happiness for what is pleasurable is good and painful is bad.
For example one believes that by doing charity work tomorrow instead of watching television all day can bring happiness to many people. Therefore the right action is to do charity work tomorrow.
Rule Utilitarianism
Rule utilitarianism on the other hand believes that an action can be morally right if it conforms to the rules that lead to happiness. Rule utilitarianism distinguish between the type of act and the context in which it occurs, but also it distinguishes between the types of pleasures, high and low, and their relation to happiness
For example, a friend comes to your door and asks to be hidden so he is not killed. You then hide him in the basement. Then, there’s a knock at the door and it is the person who is looking for your friend. They ask if your friend is hiding here. Based on the rule utilitarianism you choose to tell the truth even though it leads to bad consequences. Thinking long term lying is always wrong to do and leads to negative consequences.
3) Online Forum 3 - The Verdict (3 Characteristics of Frank Galvin)
Determined
He was does not give up easily towards seeking the truth despite knowing that the judge was bias against the defendant and also a witness Maureen Rooney (Julie Bovasso) the only operating room nurse refuse to testify for the defense. He continues to look for witnesses for the justice of his client in which he wins the case in the end.
Integrity
Galvin refuses a settlement from the defendant in order seek justice for his client and reveal the truth about the negligence although he knows that by accepting the defendant offer he would get a large amount in 1982 which is certainly large enough to revive his ailing legal practice. Even though this cannot help the young woman whose life has been destroyed but at least justice was seek.
Unprofessional
Galvin should have not discussed the case with Laura from a technical legal perspective. After all, shes a stranger he met in a bar. He has breached his confidentiality to his client by discussing the matter with her.
He was does not give up easily towards seeking the truth despite knowing that the judge was bias against the defendant and also a witness Maureen Rooney (Julie Bovasso) the only operating room nurse refuse to testify for the defense. He continues to look for witnesses for the justice of his client in which he wins the case in the end.
Integrity
Galvin refuses a settlement from the defendant in order seek justice for his client and reveal the truth about the negligence although he knows that by accepting the defendant offer he would get a large amount in 1982 which is certainly large enough to revive his ailing legal practice. Even though this cannot help the young woman whose life has been destroyed but at least justice was seek.
Unprofessional
Galvin should have not discussed the case with Laura from a technical legal perspective. After all, shes a stranger he met in a bar. He has breached his confidentiality to his client by discussing the matter with her.